CCTV is the use of video camera to display images at a particular time and place is an extension

CCTV is the use of video camera to display images at a particular time and place is an extension of CCTV Closed Circuit Television, which means using a signal that is closed, unlike an ordinary television broadcast signal. CCTV is generally used as a supplementary security and widely used in industries such as industries: Military, Airport, Retail, Office, Factory and even housing have also now using this technology.
CCTV system as a whole has some equipment that is: Camera and DVR (Digital Video Recorder)
This CCTV camera serves as a picture taker, there is some type of camera that differentiates in terms of quality, use and function of the 2 main thing is, analog CCTV cameras and CCTV Camera Network camera which uses a solid analog cables for each camera, which means, every camera will be connected to a DVR or direct system whereas Network Camera or commonly called IP Camera, Network could use the network, which means it will save in terms of installation due to network branches are parallel and do not require a special cables for each camera

DVR or many called Digital Video Recorder. This is the system used by the CCTV camera to record all the images sent by the camera in many features of this system we can use to supplement safety, one of which is to record all the events and results of these recordings are commonly used in court to prove an event in a system camera, recording the number and quality will be determined by this DVR

Earlier times, many people who choose Closed-Circuit Televison (CCTV) as the main tool when trying to monitor the space. Although currently there are still many who use it, CCTV technology was practically elderly. His replacement, of course, monitor camera device is more sophisticated and have a way of working is completely different. Want to know who they are and can be functioned as a right, continue to refer to this article.

If charged with selecting the device monitors the room and given a choice between 3 CCTV, Web Camera (Webcam), and IP Camera (Internet Camera), which roughly you choose? If the consideration is the cost, can be CCTV is the main choice. Yes, this single tool is the most popular because of the investment requires a relatively low cost. Imagine, CCTV cable and requires only ordinary television set to be operational. Perhaps additional video recorder, if the user wants to save the situation room to watch.

But a different story if the discussion is the problem of long-term investment, reliability, and flexibility. All three are owned by almost no standard CCTV devices, but is owned excess Webcams and IP Camera. The problem is, is it possible to use a Webcam in the open space as a tool that supervisors must operate 24 hours?

Well, if it is so, the last option, of course, fall into IP Camera.Investasi early in the cost side is higher than CCTV or webcams. But if you are looking for long-term investment and technology that can be used up to 10 years ahead, the IP Camera is the answer.

So you can share in the greatness IP Camera, in this article we show how the IP Camera can be used to monitor events via mobile devices such as mobile phones or PDAs via 3G networks or 3.5 G. In addition, the IP Camera, you can not just simply monitor the space or region, but can also create a "station" live television that can be viewed by family or relatives in all parts of the world.

Enable IP Camera For Remote Surveillance

According to function, the IP Camera is supposed to be used for monitoring of the area or a particular room. However, it does not mean you should always be in the same place when you're monitoring. Some IP camera is equipped with special features that allow users to view video display no longer on the PC but on mobile devices like mobile phones, smartphones, or PDA.

Well, we'll show how to make their own system of remote surveillance IP cameras. For example, we use the camera D-Link DCS-3420 is connected to a cable network with Internet access through Telkom Speedy. This camera actually has a streaming internet facilities. But we want to show you how to create a "server" streaming using any type of cameras, including webcams or CCTV. This server will be accessed via the Internet using a browser on a PC, phone, smartphone, or PDA. Of course, the qualified Internet connection needed here. If you want to see the results of a broadcast using a mobile device, you'll want to select a 3G connection, or 3.5 G.

Configuration steps

This article assumes you have successfully perform initial configuration of the IP camera or Webcam. In this case the camera is ready or able to display images locally on the PC, call it a PC 'A'. Well, the PC "A" this is what we make streaming server using XP WebCam 5 applications . Interestingly, these applications can be used freely for personal use (1 broadcast cameras).

1. Connect the Camera After successfully installed, you will see the main window is divided WebCam XP like the picture below. Connect.">To connect to the IP Camera application, right-click on the video broadcast source WebCam XP and select Network Cameras -> Connect.
2. Select Camera WebCam XP will then open a Wizard window, select the camera according to the series and brand that is available. Incidentally, D-Link DCS-3420 we were matched with a choice of camera Vivotek 2000 series. You can try to own the brand - a brand that is available, if you are looking for camera series are not available in a choice.
3. Enter the Network Configuration If you have, the window wizard will proceed to the next step, namely the camera network configuration. Enter all the network configuration information from your camera here. Set the video resolution also would broadcast and its frame rate.
4. Test Setup To ensure the setting recorded correctly, try clicking the button "Test". If the configuration is done properly, then you will see the window below. Then click Ok in the Wizard window to start connecting the camera.
5. Broadcast Configuration Next is to configure your camera broadcast server. To do this click the "Web / Broadcast" in the main window (top left) WebCam XP.
6. Disable Broadcast Services Here we will change the IP listening from WebCam XP that leads to the local IP address of the PC. Previously used to turn off the broadcast service by clicking the "Disable" in the right of the screen.
7. Change IP Listening And then you can change the listening IP addresses as you wish. Here we use the address 192.168.0.2 and port 8080.
8. Enable Broadcast Services was re-activate after a broadcast service by clicking the "Activate". Until there's actual IP Camera can be viewed on any browser in the LAN network by typing the IP address of the PC complete with its port.

WebCam XP uses this also means using your IP Camera is not just as a monitor space, but as a camera device that can broadcasting "broadcast" digital television using mms protocol of Windows Media Player.

READ MORE - CCTV is the use of video camera to display images at a particular time and place is an extension

READ MORE - CCTV is the use of video camera to display images at a particular time and place is an extension

In the context of displays, OLEDs have certain advantages over traditional liquid crystal displays (LCDs)

An organic light emitting diode (OLED), also organic electro luminescent device (OELD), is a light-emitting diode (LED) whose emissive electroluminescent layer is composed of a film of organic compounds. This layer of organic semiconductor material is formed between two electrodes, where at least one of the electrodes is transparent.

Such devices can be used in television screens, computer monitors, small, portable system screens such as cell phones and PDAs, watches, advertising, information and indication. OLEDs can also be used in light sources for general space illumination, and large-area light-emitting elements. Due to the younger stage of development, OLEDs typically emit less light per area than inorganic solid-state based LEDs which are usually designed for use as point-light sources.

In the context of displays, OLEDs have certain advantages over traditional liquid crystal displays (LCDs). OLED displays do not require a backlight to function. Thus, they can display deep black levels and can be thinner and lighter than LCD panels. OLED displays also naturally achieve higher contrast ratios than either LCD screens using cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) or the more recently developed LED backlights in conditions of low ambient light such as dark rooms.

light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.

The LED is based on the semiconductor diode. When a diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. An LED is usually small in area (less than 1 mm2), and integrated optical components are used to shape its radiation pattern and assist in reflection. LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, faster switching, and greater durability and reliability. However, they are relatively expensive and require more precise current and heat management than traditional light sources. Current LED products for general lighting are more expensive to buy than fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output.

They also enjoy use in applications as diverse as replacements for traditional light sources in automotive lighting (particularly indicators) and in traffic signals. The compact size of LEDs has allowed new text and video displays and sensors to be developed, while their high switching rates are useful in advanced communications technology.

A semiconductor is a material that has an electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator, that is, generally in the range 10³ Siemens/cm to 10⁻⁸ S/cm. Devices made from semiconductor materials are the foundation of modern electronics, including radio, computers, telephones, and many other devices. Semiconductor devices include the various types of transistor, solar cells, many kinds of diodes including the light-emitting diode, the silicon controlled rectifier, and digital and analog integrated circuits. Solar photovoltaic panels are large semiconductor devices that directly convert light energy into electrical energy. An external electrical field may change a semiconductor's resistivity. In a metallic conductor, current is carried by the flow of electrons. In semiconductors, current can be carried either by the flow of electrons or by the flow of positively-charged "holes" in the electron structure of the material.

Common semiconducting materials are crystalline solids but amorphous and liquid semiconductors are known, such as mixtures of arsenic, selenium and tellurium in a variety of proportions. They share with better known semiconductors intermediate conductivity and a rapid variation of conductivity with temperature but lack the rigid crystalline structure of conventional semiconductors such as silicon and so are relatively insensitive to impurities and radiation damage.

Silicon is used to create most semiconductors commercially. Dozens of other materials are used, including germanium, gallium arsenide, and silicon carbide. A pure semiconductor is often called an “intrinsic” semiconductor. The conductivity, or ability to conduct, of common semiconductor materials can be drastically changed by adding other elements, called “impurities” to the melted intrinsic material and then allowing the melt to solidify into a new and different crystal. This process is called "doping"

The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to (can be detected by) the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 380 to 750 nm.[1] In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 790–400 terahertz. A light-adapted eye generally has its maximum sensitivity at around 555 nm (540 THz), in the green region of the optical spectrum (see: luminosity function). The spectrum does not, however, contain all the colors that the human eyes and brain can distinguish. Unsaturated colors such as pink, or purple variations such as magenta, are absent, for example, because they can only be made by a mix of multiple wavelengths.

Visible wavelengths also pass through the "optical window", the region of the electromagnetic spectrum that passes largely unattenuated through the Earth's atmosphere. Clean air scatters blue light more than wavelengths toward the red, which is why the mid-day sky appears blue. The human eye's response is defined by subjective testing (see CIE), but atmospheric windows are defined by physical measurement.

The "visible window" is so called because it overlaps the human visible response spectrum. The near infrared (NIR) windows lie just out of human response window, and the Medium Wavelength IR (MWIR) and Long Wavelength or Far Infrared (LWIR or FIR) are far beyond the human response region.

Many species can see wavelengths that fall outside the "visible spectrum". Bees and many other insects can see light in the ultraviolet, which helps them find nectar in flowers. Plant species that depend on insect pollination may owe reproductive success to their appearance in ultraviolet light, rather than how colorful they appear to us. Birds too can see into the ultraviolet (300–400 nm), and some have sex-dependent markings on their plumage, which are only visible in the ultraviolet range.

Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than x-rays, in the range 10 nm to 400 nm, and energies from 3 eV to 124 eV. It is so named because the spectrum consists of electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than those that humans identify as the color violet.

UV light is found in sunlight and is emitted by electric arcs and specialized lights such as black lights. As an ionizing radiation it can cause chemical reactions, and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce. Most people are aware of the effects of UV through the painful condition of sunburn, but the UV spectrum has many other effects, both beneficial and damaging, on human health.

The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the relative intensity of each frequency of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the element's atoms or the compound's molecules when they are returned to a ground state.

Each element's emission spectrum is unique. Therefore, spectroscopy can be used to the identify the elements in matter of unknown composition. Similarly, the emission spectra of molecules can be used in chemical analysis of substances.

In physics, emission is the process by which the energy of a photon is released by another entity, for example, by an atom whose electrons make a transition between two electronic energy levels. The emitted energy is in the form of a photon. The emittance of an object quantifies how much light is emitted by it. This may be related to other properties of the object through the Stefan–Boltzmann law. For most substances, the amount of emission varies with the temperature and the spectroscopic composition of the object, leading to the appearance of color temperature and emission lines. Precise measurements at many wavelengths allow the identification of a substance via emission spectroscopy.

Important factors to consider when evaluating an LCD monitor:
Resolution: The horizontal and vertical screen size expressed in pixels (e.g., 1,024×768). Unlike CRT monitors, LCD monitors have a native-supported resolution for best display effect.
Dot pitch: The distance between the centers of two adjacent pixels. The smaller the dot pitch size, the less granularity is present, resulting in a sharper image. Dot pitch may be the same both vertically and horizontally, or different (less common).
Viewable size: The size of an LCD panel measured on the diagonal (more specifically known as active display area).
Response time: The minimum time necessary to change a pixel's color or brightness. Response time is also divided into rise and fall time. For LCD monitors, this is measured in btb (black to black) or gtg (gray to gray). These different types of measurements make comparison difficult. LCD Monitor Parameters: Objective and Subjective Analysis
Input lag - a delay between the moment monitor receives the image over display link and the moment the image is displayed. Input lag is caused by internal digital processing such as image scaling, noise reduction and details enhancement, as well as advanced techniques like frame interpolation. Input lag can measure as high as 3-4 frames (in excess of 67 ms for a 60p/60i signal). Some monitors and TV sets feature a special "gaming mode" which disables most internal processing and sets the display to its native resolution.
Refresh rate: The number of times per second in which the monitor draws the data it is being given. Since activated LCD pixels do not flash on/off between frames, LCD monitors exhibit no refresh-induced flicker, no matter how low the refresh rate.[3] High-end LCD televisions now feature up to 240 Hz refresh rate, which allows advanced digital processing to insert additional interpolated frames to smooth up motion, especially with lower-framerate 24p material like the Blu-ray disc. However, such high refresh rates may not be supported by pixel response times, and additional processing can introduce considerable input lag.
Matrix type: Active TFT or Passive.
Color support: How many types of colors are supported (coll., more specifically known as color gamut).
Viewing angle: (coll., more specifically known as viewing direction).
Brightness: The amount of light emitted from the display (coll., more specifically known as luminance).
Contrast ratio: The ratio of the intensity of the brightest bright to the darkest dark.
Aspect ratio: The ratio of the width to the height (for example, 4:3, 5:4, 16:9 or 16:10).
Input ports (e.g., DVI, VGA, LVDS, DisplayPort, or even S-Video and HDMI).
Gamma correction

Gamma compression, also known as gamma encoding, is used to encode linear luminance or RGB values into video signals or digital video file values; gamma expansion is the inverse, or decoding, process, and occurs largely in the nonlinearity of the electron-gun current–voltage curve in cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor systems, which acts as a kind of spontaneous decoder. Gamma encoding helps to map data (both analog and digital) into a more perceptually uniform domain.

The following figure shows the behavior of a typical display when image signals are sent linearly (γ = 1.0) and gamma-encoded (gamma compressed with γ = 1 / 2.2 for a γ = 2.2 standard display). In the first case, the resulting image over the CRT is notably darker and contrastier than the original, whereas it is shown with high fidelity in the second case. Digital cameras produce, and TV stations broadcast, signals in gamma-encoded form, anticipating the standardized gamma of the reproducing device, so that the overall system will be linear, as shown on the bottom; if cameras were linear, as on the top, the overall system would be nonlinear. Similarly, image files are almost always stored on computers and communicated across the Internet with gamma encoding.

The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun (a source of electrons) and a fluorescent screen, with internal or external means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam, used to create images in the form of light emitted from the fluorescent screen. The image may represent electrical waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor), radar targets and others.

The CRT uses an evacuated glass envelope which is large, deep, heavy, and relatively fragile. Display technologies without these disadvantages, such as flat plasma displays, liquid crystal displays, DLP, OLED displays have replaced CRTs in many applications and are becoming increasingly common as costs decline.

While the pixel response time of the display is usually listed in the monitor's specifications, no manufacturers advertise the input lag of their displays, likely because the trend has been to increase input lag as manufacturers find more ways to process input at the display level before it is shown. Possible culprits are the processing overhead of HDCP, DRM, and also DSP techniques employed to reduce the effects of ghosting - and the cause may vary depending on the model of display. Investigations have been performed by several technology related websites; some of which are listed at the bottom of this article.

LCD, plasma, and DLP displays, unlike CRTs, have a native resolution. That is, they have a fixed grid of pixels on the screen that show the image sharpest when running at the native resolution (so nothing has to be scaled full-size which blurs the image). In order to display non-native resolutions, such displays must use video scalers, which are built into most modern monitors. As an example, a display that has a native resolution of 1600x1200 being provided a signal of 640x480 must scale width and height by 2.5x in order to display the image provided by the computer on the native pixels. In order to do this while producing as few artifacts as possible, advanced signal processing is required, which can be a source of introduced latency. Anecdotally, input lag is significantly less when displays operate in native resolutions for a given LCD screen. External devices have also been shown to reduce overall latency by providing faster image-space resizing algorithms than those present in the LCD screen.

Many LCDs also use a technology called “overdrive” which “reads” what is being sent to the display several frames ahead and processes the image to reduce blurring and streaks left by ghosting. The effect is that anything displayed on the screen is several frames behind which makes anything, even mouse movements, feel delayed as explained in the introduction of the article.

READ MORE - In the context of displays, OLEDs have certain advantages over traditional liquid crystal displays (LCDs)

READ MORE - In the context of displays, OLEDs have certain advantages over traditional liquid crystal displays (LCDs)

Computer is any equipment, machinery or equipment used to process the form data notice executed by the operating system windows based or linux or OS

Computer is any equipment, machinery or equipment used to process the form data notice executed by the operating system windows based or linux or OS, computers run by the user by using the commands have been executed by an operating system.

Definition from "computer", as mentioned above, only embrace special equipment that may be expected berbilang a function or functions terhad. Had to take some modern computers, one of the early computer distinguish with is: if inserted witha a ppropriate, modern computer capable to simulate any calculation. However, this ability is limited by the loading storan, syrup achievements memory (RAM) and speed of processing. In the meaning of other words, this ability may be used as a test for computer distinguish "versatile" with the early computers that are peculiar to a particular task. Computers can also as a system that controls electronic symbols properly and appropriately and cooked typical to receive, process, store and pulled out the outcome.

During these 20 years, most home equipment, such as video game consoles that bimbit telephone, video cassettes recorder (VCR), PDAs, and more; mill industry, vehicles, and other electronic devices; litar computer contains all the Turing-complete. Computers are used in equipment for a particular function, identified as "mikro" or "computer setting". This kind of computer system to process only works for a particular edict.

Components contained in the computer
Someone cloning computer owners need to recognize the components of a different computer. Knowledge of the name, form and function computer parts cloning will help someone if he was faced with a problem or when using another computer for cloning. This knowledge will also make a person more confident when using a multimedia computer, the computer if again if it is not often used by him before this, more typical lag, i for teachers for teaching and learning objectives.

In origin, the word meant computer. But duty to perform the same mathematical calculation with the help of a mechanical device or not. Onwards, the results transferred to the machine estimates. At home, the task of "computer" is special to the settlement of mathematics, but modern computers are used for various other tasks unrelated to mathematics.

In digital computer technology has undergone major changes since the first computer in 1940. But most were still using senibina von Neumann, which is reserved by John von Neumann in the early 1940s.

Senibina von Neumann states computer to the main portion 4: Arithmetic and logic unit, litar guards, memory, and input-output devices (I / O). All of this portion connected together by wiring-wiring, which is recognized as the "bass".

In the computer system, memory is temple (like cells), in which each of them contains an edict. Notice of these is probably the direction for the computer, and each cell stores the data bits of a computer needed to run the referral.

In amnya, memory may be used over a million times previously. He is more of a pad, rather than stone tablets should only be written once.

Saiz each cell, and numbers, cadar cadas between one computer to another computer. So is the memory technology, rather than the throbbing Electromechanical, tiub mercury etc., etc. to the magnetic matrix structure is conserved, so the transistor, and so on litar bersepadu that contain millions of grain chip capacitors.

Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), is a tool that implements the principles of operation, such as arithmetic operations (add, reject, multiplication, etc.), logical operations (AND, OR, NOT) and compare operations. This unit actually doing in the computer.

Bodyguard unit supervising slots that stores current direction, so let ALU operations to be done and receive the necessary notice (rather than memory) to carry out such operations. Then he brings back the memory operations to the appropriate position. After that, the Guard unit will switch to the onward referral.

Input-output units to justify the computer receives notice than the outside world, and led to the decision notice back to the outside world. There are various forms of tool I / O, rather than Board locked, skrin, Cakera leathery, to the incredible tool, as Webcam.

All these tools (devices) to input data edict to be processed by a digital computer system. Tools (devices) also output data to the edicts of the computer may be understood by computer users.

Computer program is a great list of referrals for accomplished by computer. Most computer programs have millions of referrals, and most rather than those directives implemented repeatedly. A modern computer is trying to personally conduct approximately 2-3 milliard direction per time.

At present, most computers do try more than one program at a time. This called many tasks. Although roughly, as if the computer do the two work well, actually landing than the CPU execute a program first, then switch to another program at the moment term. Moment during this period was called Period (Time Slice). Operating systems are programs that oversee this partnership period.

Examples of operating systems that justify multitasking Windows and Unix is.

Motherboard (Mother Board)

Litar board that has, contains many electronic components for the system unit CPU and other microcip. Rate: - between 16 MHz - 200MHz

Before You Begin

The troubleshooting tips provided here range from often-overlooked "no-brainers" to more involved solutions that require you to open your computer's case and handle hardware components or delve deeper into Windows' core. Remember that your goal here is to solve an existing problem, not create a new one. If performing a certain action makes you uncomfortable, call in someone with more expertise. And if you do decide proceed with any of our Advanced Steps, please keep the following considerations in mind:

a) Prior to opening your computer's case, check to see if the machine's warranty is still valid. If so, send it back to the manufacturer for repair, as digging around inside the case can void the warranty. You may also try calling your PC's manufacturer for tech support, especially if you've already paid for it. Often, tech support can provide quick fixes or will replace faulty components that are still under warranty. Many manufacturers offer online chat, email support, and other options in addition to phone support.

b) Before making any hardware adjustments, take the appropriate safety measures. First, purchase an antistatic wrist strap and mat. While static electricity might sound like an annoyance only, it can severely damage your computer's internal components. You'll also want to make sure that you and your machine are both properly grounded, so keep the computer plugged into the wall but the power switch turned off when working with its internal components. As a final precaution, remember to hold on to the metal part of the computer's case when handling any electrical parts.

c) Although all computers contain most of the same core internal components (hard drive, processor, RAM, graphics card, etc.), the locations of those components can vary from machine to machine. Before you reseat, remove, or replace any internal components, arm yourself with a working knowledge of computer components, what they do, and how they interact with one another. (To learn more, read How Stuff Works' article How PCs Work.)

d) Hardware, BIOS (basic input-output system, built-in software that controls the keyboard, mouse, display, and other hardware and functions), firmware, and other software tools vary by manufacturer. Keep all of your computer documentation, driver CDs, and warranty information in a safe place. Be sure to dig out your computer's manuals before changing any settings.

Initial Steps:

1.Make sure that the PC's power cable is plugged firmly into a wall socket or power strip and that the power strip is on.
2.Try plugging the PC or the power strip into another wall socket.
3.Ensure that the power cable is firmly connected to the PC's power-supply outlet.
4.Check to see that the power supply is switched to the "on" position.
5.Make sure that the power supply is switched to the voltage appropriate to your region.
6.Attach a working power cable to the PC's power supply and plug it in.
7.Unplug all external devices from the PC -- including a CD drive or digital camera -- except the monitor. If the computer powers on without the devices, add the peripherals back in one at a time until you can identify the problem device.

If none of these steps solves the problem, check to see if your computer is still under warranty and send it back to the manufacturer. If the warranty has expired and you are comfortable doing so, proceed to the Advanced Steps below. Otherwise, talk to your volunteer consultant or use TechFinder to locate a nonprofit technology consultant in your area.

Advanced Steps:
1.Unplug the computer and open the PC's case. Verify that the power supply is connected to the motherboard.
2.Make sure that all internal cables are connected and that all of the PCI expansion cards and RAM chips are tightly seated.
3.Examine the motherboard for noticeable signs of damage, such as cracks or burns. If you see problems, there's a good chance you'll need a new motherboard or a new computer. Consult a technician for further advice.
4.Remove the RAM and PCI cards and unplug your hard drive(s). Depending on your drive, you'll see either a wide, flat, gray IDE cable; a thinner red Serial ATA (SATA) cable; or a round gray or black SCSI cable. Plug in the power cable. If the computer turns on, begin plugging in additional cables and modules until you identify the faulty component.
5.Replace your power supply with a known working one or a with new one. (Read Smart Computing's How to Replace A Power Supply for guidance.)

If none of these steps work, your motherboard or processor is likely fried. Consider taking it to a repair shop or replacing the computer altogether.

Computer Powers Up But Monitor Is Blank
Initial Steps:
1.Ensure that your computer can boot normally and that all of the usual power lights are on.
2.Make sure that the monitor is plugged firmly into a working wall socket or power strip and that the power strip is on.
3.Try plugging the PC or power strip into another wall socket.
4.Verify that the monitor's power button is switched to the "on" position.
5.Make sure the monitor's brightness and contrast controls are properly adjusted (check your monitor's manual for information on how to do this).
6.Check to see that the monitor cable is plugged firmly into the back of the display and that the pinned end is tightly screwed into the computer's video output on the back of the case.
7.Remove the existing cable and replace it with a known working monitor cable. Connect it to the display and to the computer.
8.Obtain a working monitor and hook it up to your PC. If this display works, contact a technician or buy a new monitor. If the monitor does not work, your video card may not be working and you'll need to open the desktop's case.

If none of these steps solves the problem, check to see if your computer is still under warranty and find out how to send it back. If the warranty has expired, unplug the computer, open up the PC's case, and proceed to the Advanced Steps below.

Advanced Steps:
1.Examine the video card for noticeable damage. If you spot defects or burnt components, you'll likely need a new video card.
2.Reseat the video card.
3.Inspect the RAM and all drive cables to make sure they are all tightly seated and connected. If you find loose components or connections, tighten them.
4.If your display is still not working, contact a repair shop or consider replacing the video card (or try swapping in a compatible card). To replace the card yourself, read Acme How To's online guide.

Computer Won't Boot From Hard Drive (Doesn't Get to Windows Splash Screen)
Initial Steps:
1.Make sure that there is no bootable media in your floppy or CD drive.
2.Listen to make sure your hard drive is spinning. If you don't hear or feel motion, or if you don't see an error message on the screen, proceed to the Advanced Steps below.
3.Remove all external drives or devices and try restarting the computer.
4.If you receive a series of beeps or error messages, write them down, as they could be instrumental in diagnosing your problem. Beep codes vary by manufacturer, so consult your BIOS documentation for more in-depth info on what those beeps mean. (BIOS Central also has an exhaustive list of beep codes). Otherwise, proceed as follows:
5.Enter your computer's BIOS (access key varies by machine; usually you'll need to push the F1 or Delete key as the computer boots) and write down the current settings before proceeding further.
6.Keep an eye out for any built-in diagnostic tools; you might be able to find an error by using these.
7.If no diagnostic tools exist, go to the BIOS's hard drive section and make sure it's configured as "Auto."
8.If the BIOS has an autodetect feature, run it to make sure that it can actually detect your hard drive.
9.If your BIOS has an optimized default option, try loading it and rebooting.
10.If the BIOS has a failsafe default option, try loading it and rebooting.
11.Attempt to enter your PC in Safe Mode. (As your computer boots, quickly press the F8 key.) If you can get in, run Windows' built-in diagnostic tool to check your drive for bad sectors and file system errors.
12.While still in Safe Mode, scan your computer for viruses, Trojans, spyware, and other threats that could be causing problems.

If none of these steps solves the problem, check to see if your computer is still under warranty and find out how to send it back. If the warranty has expired, unplug the computer, open up the PC's case, and proceed to the Advanced Steps.
Advanced Steps:

- Make sure that the hard drive is firmly connected to both the power supply and the motherboard.
- Reseat the video card.
- Clear the CMOS by resetting the jumper on the motherboard. Before you do so, consult the motherboard or computer's documentation and be very careful while handling these components.
- If your computer has more than one stick of RAM, remove them all and try adding them back, starting with the slot closest to the processor. If the PC boots with one and not the other, you likely have a faulty stick of RAM.
- Make sure that the correct hard drive is set as the primary (master) drive and that the proper cable is connected. (See the back of the hard drive to set master and slave settings. KarbosGuide.com offers tips on how to do this.)
- Replace the hard drive cable(s) with known working ones.
- Remove the PC's main power supply and replace it with a known working one.
- If none of this works you may want to take the drive in for service or replace it altogether. If at all possible, back up your data first.

You might also find Smart Computing's BIOS troubleshooting guide helpful when dealing with a computer that won't boot from the hard drive.
Windows Won't Boot (After BIOS POST Has Been Completed) or Crashes
Initial Steps:

* Make sure that there isn't a disk in your floppy or CD drive.
* Remove external drives or devices.
* Enter the Windows Advanced Options menu by pressing the F8 key during the BIOS's Power-On Self Test (POST). Select the option for "Last Known Good Configuration." (Note: if this works, you will lose any recently installed software or newly created files.)
* Enter the Windows Advanced Options menu, boot into Safe Mode with networking, and perform a system restore.
* While in Safe Mode run your antivirus and anti-spyware programs. Remove any detected threats.
* If that fails, attempt to back up your data using back-up software, burn files to a CD, or consult a professional. You may eventually have to reformat your hard drive and reinstall Windows.

Advanced Steps:

* Enter the Windows Advanced Options menu and choose the option that enables the bootlog. Restart, then boot into Safe Mode to compare the new bootlog and the original one. If you get error messages that certain drivers aren't loading correctly, write those down, and update or remove the faulty devices via Windows' Device Manager. You can then reinstall the drivers manually or ask Windows to locate a driver for the device.
* Insert your Windows Emergency Startup disk or the original CD-ROM and go to the Recovery Console. From there, you can attempt to restore the master boot record, the first logical sector on your hard drive where the BIOS loads a program to boot your computer.

Conclusion

Armed with these basic troubleshooting tips, your nonprofit should be able to diagnose or fix common computer problems in-house, turning to professional assistance for more complicated or serious issues. If you keep a clear head and remember to check for the most obvious things first, there's a good chance you can get your volunteers' or employees' equipment back up and running in relatively short order. After all, the less time your computers languish on the repair bench, the more time your organization can spend using them to do the work they were created for in the first place.

1. Memory
Where data are stored before the calculation done
there is to 2
a)ome - RAM (Provisional)
Main - is the data that has been processed is stored in a temporary / permanent.
a. RAM (Random Access Memory).
- While sahaja - Missing when electrically disconnected.
- What-what data should be moved to RAM at first.
- 16 MBs of RAM required - 31 MBs.

b)condary - ROM (Eternal)
b. ROM (Read Only Memory).
- There should be modified (non-volatile).
- Without a computer system can not function.
- Just read, should not be changed.
Secondary memory - additional memory to the RAM and ROM - used in a block and survived.
For example: - Floppy disk, hard disk, CD, tape megnetik etc.
Additional Memory - Cache Memory, Memory Meanwhile - Located in between RAM and CPU. -to process quickly.

2. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
ALU (Arithmatic & Logic Unit) Control Unit+, -, X, -: - xy for comparison (><=) large, small or equal L - is a situation where nombor or conditions compared with each other for example,> <=. Control Unit He will receive a referral received from the memory and allow arbitrary direction is implemented according to specified requirements. He escorted the system as an example may be in and out of the CPU but the Control Unit will ensure he does not apply to evade the edict continues. 3. BUS (Bas) For electronic excessive requirements for flow from one point to a point in the flow. The greater the faster the data bus can be processed, the wider bass more data can be taken. Done from the wire. 1 bit of data 8 bits - 1 byte = 1 character 8 bits - 1 letter. Bus Types: -- Bas Data - Takes the data from one place to one place. Bas Address - It is excessive sehala used to find a location for the landing so that would be implemented. Bas escort - is excessive sehala for all timing functions and escort.

4. SLOT enhancer (Expansion Slot) ISA - Industrial Std. Architecture EISA - Enhanced Industrial Std. Architecture VESA - Video Electronic Std. Architecture PCI - Peripheral component Interconnet ISA - introduced in 1984 by the IBM PC. Can carry 8 bits and 16 bits of data. EISA - cooked up in 1988 - Pavilion, 32 bit - too expensive (less desirable). VESA - Allow the computer compatible video bass brought a wider 32-bit data. PCI - More speed proportional VESA, used in the computer pentium 32 bit 64 bit. Binary - Decimal 10011 = 19 11011 = 27 111011 = 59 CD7 = 3287 F5 = 245 BBD = 3005 10 10 5 x + x + x 256 16 1 ? ? ? = Number of C D 7 12x256 13x16 7x1 = 208 = 3072 = 7 = 3287 5. LIST (Register) Definition - is a small memory which has a specific use in a CPU that can put the notice for a while. Capacity: - 8 bits, 16 bits, 32 bits, 64 bits Saiz and numbers can help determine the actual speed of the computer. Types of Listing: -- 1. Accumulator Register 2. Instruction Register 3. Address Register 4. Storage Register 5. Program Counter1. Accumulator Register Save a decision for the final step by pemperosesan ALU. 2. Instruction Register Save a single direction before diunit escort It is carried out. 3. Address Register Save location for the data onwards. 4. Storage Register Storing data on the way to or from the main memory (as intermediary). 5. Program Counter Save a referral to be implemented so on. Register functions 1. Accumulstor - save the decision for the final step ALU processes. 2. Address - save the location for the data onwards. 3. Genaral Purpose - he may act as an Accumulator, Address and other functions. Definition - is a small memory which has a specific use in a CPU that can put the notice for a while. Capacity: - 8 bits, 16 bits, 32 bits, 64 bits Saiz and numbers can help determine the actual speed of the computer. Types of Listing: -- 1. Accumulator Register 2. Instruction Register 3. Address Register 4. Storage Register 5. Program Counter 1. Accumulator Register Save a decision for the final step by pemperosesan ALU. 2. Instruction Register Save a single direction before diunit escort It is carried out. 3. Address Register Save location for the data onwards. 4. Storage Register Storing data on the way to or from the main memory (as intermediary).

5. Program Counter Save a referral to be implemented so on. Register functions 1. Accumulstor - save the decision for the final step ALU processes. 2. Address - save the location for the data onwards. 3. Genaral Purpose - he may act as an Accumulator, Address and other functions.

6. BIOS (Basic Input Output System) Nadi computer system, without which no meaning. It is to save the configuration, including system specification, memory, hard dsan escort cakera Input / Output.

Device Input - Keyboard Mouse Light Pen Joystick Touchscreen Perakam Voice (Microfon) Digital Cemara Touchpad Output - Printer Monitor

1. Keyboard Alphabet is composed of buttons in one place like a typewriter with the marked letters, numbers and symbol. It lets users to enter data by pressing the associated button.

2. Mouse (Mouse) Devices are small, light and keep hands saiz. Upper portion has two dime bebutang specifically on the right and left and the lower portion has impressive bebola for mouse movement. Usually used on flat surfaces, when the mouse is moved to the right of the pointer will automatically move to the right on the skrin, if addressed to the menu, and if the icon / image and clicked twice, you can open something the program.

3. Light Pen Is used with computer skrin sensitive to light. If the pen is moved one will of electronic signal to a computing and lime wire will be understood by the program. He selalunya used in makmal and also in the field of expenditure or rekabentuk CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing).

4. Joystick Ria wood, wood bedik, a tool to move the cursor (the cursor). This is done by the holder of the uprise guard up and can be confusing in 360 degrees. Always used to play Video Games.

5. Touchscreen It works by touch, used in makmal and egensi kingdom. 6. Microfon Input devices to enter the usual sound for multimedia applications.

7. Scanner (Pengimbas) Is a device that mengimbas metirial and translate in digital form. Sensitive to light and can translate printed text, bar, cod, etc. etc. daa images to digital form (on the table and hands). * Scanner table - such as photostat equipment, images contained in the scanned mukasurat be changed to signal computing. * Scnner hand - used in a portion desktop publishing - Pasaraya.

8. Touchpad Using the material sensitive to the pressure to the touch when merekod instance data used in microwave ovens, calculators.

9. Trackball He is like a mouse pointer exception bebola above. Users can move the cursor just by musing bebola confusing without moving all of these tools (do not need much space). For example: - Laptop, Notebook, and so on. INPUT Text - keyboard Mouse Diskette TV Card, Scanner (pengimbas) etc.. OUTPUT Device (Device) 1. Monitor - Graphic / text 2. Printer - Graphic / text 3. -Sound speakers Monitor Black / White - Color: Analog / Digital Tiub ray Katod TV, Computer Monitor MONITOR LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Electronic wristwatch, Electronic Games and so on. A. Tiub ray Katod - Used chiefly to the widespread TV. - Voltan the dibekalkan to monitor will be improved so that the thousands of volts to allow electrons from an electron gun dipecutkan to skrin. - The electrons will cause menghentam skrin formed a point. Color at point depends on the electron gun. - To form a picture, the electron gun to shoot the whole skrin. Rate of electron gun spend one-one rotation is called "scan reat" - Color at any point will only be conserved for instant sahaja, by the electron gun should spend a quick whirl and get back to the original starting point before the color disappeared. - With color diversify the points on skrin, one image is produced. · Resolution (resolution) · Pixels (pixels) · Numbers colors (color depth). RESOLUTION (Resolution) Refers to the number of pixels horizontally and are able to establish presented by one-one Skrin / monitor. Regular rosulusi 640 X 480 =? High Rosulusi more "smooth". PIXEL (Picture Element) Is the smallest unit of digital images something Gabungn the pixels to produce images. COLOR NUMBERS (Color Depth) Numbers can color monitor presented by something in a period. Usually in the form of two double For example: - 2 - Black / White 16 to 2 dual 4 256-2 double 8 166-2 ganda16 32 bit - 32 to 2 dual millions. Numbers that can produce color depends on the type of exposure determined (display card) How can something created by a computer colors: -- To produce something colors, three primary color components required specifically red, green and blue (RGB color) or the like. To form a color thing, a combination of three color components at certain stages required for example: - White = Red 255, Green 255, Blue 255 (RGB) Digital - 0.1 Red: 0.1 Green: 0.1 Blue = 8 colors. Analog - Red 256 256 green 256 blue, all three = 2 double 32 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CGA Year 1981 Resolution 640 X 200 Color Numbers 16 Num. color for maxima. 1 period is 4 Herkulis Year 1982 Resolution 720 x 348 Color Numbers EGA Year 1984 Resolution 640 X 480 Color Numbers 64 Num. color for maxima. 1 period is 10 VGA Year 1986 Resolution 640 X 480 Color Numbers 262.144. Num. color for maxima. 1 period is 16.7 million SGVA Year 1988 Resolution 800 X 600 up to 16,000 x 1200 · Multimedia - 8 bits - 256 · Bit 16 - 216 · 24 bits - 2 · 32 bits - For VGA & SVGA B. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Widely used for digital clocks, games and others. Used for computer portble - notebooks, palmtops, laptops. Using materials that may cecair berhablur changing color after changed casnya. Pros: Saiz more lepir and lightweight * TSK requires a certain width for the electron gun works - Nipis - a slim book. Energy savings - does not require a large amount of energy to function. KAD Beep Functions: -- To remove the output in the form of sound / to the input sound. Requires sound than analog form to digital or vice versa. Originally used for "games" * AdLib Music Synthesis Card - Roland MT 32 Sound Module Usually included in the ISA - slot on the motherboard. Type: -- 8 bits 256 (28) type of sound produced only suitable for speech * not suitable for muzik 16-bit - Starting introduced by the protagonist - can produce CD Quality Music. Voice Recognition Software (Perisian Criticism sound / voice) For example: - Dragon Naturally Speaking Voice Pilot IBM. DATA STORAGE TEXT Bit - from 0.1 to 1 bit Byte - 8 bits => 1 byte (0 -255) 256

K Byte 1024 bytes - 1 Kb (210)
Mb 1024 X 1024 => 2100
Gb - 1024 X 1024 X 1024> <1000 mb =" 1">

READ MORE - Computer is any equipment, machinery or equipment used to process the form data notice executed by the operating system windows based or linux or OS

READ MORE - Computer is any equipment, machinery or equipment used to process the form data notice executed by the operating system windows based or linux or OS

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a media type display that uses liquid crystals as the primary viewer

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a media type display that uses liquid crystals as the primary viewer. LCD is used in various fields, such as in electronic devices, such as televisions, calculators or computer screen. In such a color LCD monitor, there is one point of light to many (pixels) which consists of one liquid crystal as a point of light. Although referred to as points of light, this liquid crystal does not emit light itself.

Light source in an LCD device is a white fluorescent lights at the back of this liquid crystal composition.
Number of points of light that tens of thousands, even millions of these that form the image display. Polar liquid crystals through which electrical current will change because the influence of magnetic field polarization arising and therefore will only allow a few colors while other colors passed filtered.
LCD is the main choice but to screen CRT tube,. LCD has a physical form of a leaner, lighter, and consume less power than CRT. However, LCD has a resolution not as good as CRT. In addition, other things become weakness angle view LCD is its smaller than CRT.
Also if you read the LCD screen in the sunlight, the picture or writing will not be seen clearly.
Through the LCD technology, there is one more screen mass-produced and is currently very popular, ie plasma screen. However, plasma screens also have not considered able to meet the needs of the eyes to read e-book. Until finally found a new technology called OLED.

LCD is used in various fields such as in electronic devices such as televisions, calculators or computer screen. Now dominate the LCD display type for desktop and notebook computers as it requires low power, thin shape, spend a little heat and high resoulusi.

In such a color LCD monitor there are innumerable points of light (pixels) which consists of one liquid crystal as a point of light. Although referred to as points of light, but this liquid crystal does not emit light itself. Light source in an LCD device is a white fluorescent lights at the back of this liquid crystal composition.

Number of points of light that tens of thousands, even millions of these that form the image display. Polar liquid crystals through which electrical current will change because the influence of magnetic field polarization arising and therefore will only allow a few colors while other colors passed filtered.

LCD
Liquid crystal display (English: Liquid Crystal Display) also known as the LCD is a display of media type that uses liquid crystals as the primary viewer. LCD is used in various fields such as in electronic devices such as televisions, calculators or computer screen.

In such a color LCD monitor there are innumerable points of light (pixels) which consists of one liquid crystal as a point of light. Although referred to as points of light, but this liquid crystal does not emit light itself. Light source in an LCD device is a white fluorescent lights at the back of this liquid crystal composition.

Number of points of light that tens of thousands, even millions of these that form the image display. Polar liquid crystals through which electrical current will change because the influence of magnetic field polarization arising and therefore will only allow a few colors while other colors passed filtered.

In Simple LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) consists of two main parts. the backlight and liquid crystals. Backlight itself is the LCD light source that usually consists of 1 to 4 pieces (such tech) fluorescent lamps. The lamp is a white backlight. So how do the LCD can display many colors? This is where the role of liquid crystals. Liquid crystal backlight will filter the light. White light is the order of several hundred light with different colors (if you still remember the lesson of Physics). Several hundred light will be visible if the white light through reflection or refraction ray. Color that will be produced depends on the angle of reflection. So if different angle of reflection so that different colors are produced. By providing electrical voltage to a certain value. Liquid crystals can change the angle. And because the task is a liquid crystal to reflect light from the backlight will light a previously white backlight can turn into many colors. Liquid crystal works like a window curtain. If you want to display the white color liquid crystal will open wide so that the light is white backlight will appear on the screen. But If you want to display the black color. Liquid Crystals will close the meeting as tight, so no backlight is the light through (so the screen will appear black). If you want other colors live show set the angle of reflection liquid crystal.

Contrast Ratio Contrast ratio is the ratio of the light level (brightness) on the position of most black and white. At the time of liquid crystal-tight closed meeting to produce a black color should no backlight light through it. But the reality is still no light can penetrate the backlight of liquid crystal displays that can not properly black. This is one of the LCD shortage. So the greater the contrast ratio the better the LCD also displays the color. the easiest way to
find out how good the LCD Contrast Ratio is a black display on the screen. If the black color tends gray there is still a little light penetrated the backlight of liquid crystal.

Response Time on LCD liquid crystal works by opening and closing like curtains. This lid process happened very quickly (following the movement of images on the screen). That is why there is the term Response Time on LCD. Response Time is the time required to change the position of a sealed liquid crystal (time displays a black color) to the position wide open liquid crystal (white display time). So the faster the response time the better. Slow Response Time will cause distortion called Ghosting or trace images. Usually the fast-moving objects and create an image trail like some square that looks like a square.

Point of View (Viewing Angle) LCD Monitor has a limited perspective when compared to CRT monitors. Figure objects on CRT monitors can be seen clearly from the point of even 180 degrees. But not with the LCD monitor. If we look a little shifted from the LCD then the object image will appear darker or lighter. If you are one who need privacy then this is not a problem because the person beside you can not see what's on your monitor easily. But if you want to see the movie together with friends of course this will be a problem.

How it Works LCD TV
LCD using the main component of liquid crystal. This liquid crystal is not a crystal that really is a liquid, but in between the liquid and solid. He is closer to liquid than solid. To turn it into a truly liquid, it only takes a little heat. He is very sensitive to temperature, which is why the LCD screen on the notebook usually reacts a little strange when the weather is cold or heat.

One feature of liquid crystals is that they are easy to react to electrical current. Liquid crystals are arranged in a way the wrap (twisted) and the call by Twisted Nematics (TN). By providing electrical current to make this liquid crystal windings to release each other in various corners, depending on the amount of electrical current. LCD uses liquid crystals because they can react appropriately to the electrical current that can be used to control the light.

Passive matrix and active matrix

There are two types of LCD used is a passive matrix and active matrix. In the passive matrix, LCD using grid electricity to supply voltage simpler in certain pixels on the screen. This grille is made using two layers called substrates. One substrate to form columns and the others formed a line.

Rows and columns are connected to the IC (Integrated Circuit) that control when the voltage is sent to a particular column or row. These rows and columns intersect to create pixels.

To turn on a pixel, the voltage on the IC sends a particular column and a ground to activate the specific lines. This voltage will then cause the liquid crystals twist to open (untwist) the pixels are.

How a simple passive matrix are amazing, unfortunately this has the disadvantage of low response time is more difficult to control the voltage. This can produce a slow and weak contrast.

In the active matrix LCD using a thin film transistor (TFT). Basically, the TFT transistors and capacitors small. They are arranged in a matrix dilapisan substrate. To activate a particular pixel, the specific lines were lit, and then the voltage delivered to the right column.

Since all the rows and columns intersect is in off condition, only the capacitor at the destination pixels are to receive an electric voltage. This capacitor will be able to keep the charging voltage until the next one. If the right voltage to control the crystal, we can make it untwist the right to produce light.

If all this can be done properly, the LCD will produce a gray scale. We have a lot of LCD TVs that already has 256 brightness levels per pixel.

Disturbance Pixel
To be able to produce a variety of colors, each pixel there are three subpixel consisting of red, green and blue (RGB). Three color combinations will be able to produce 16.8 million colors. For example a screen has a resolution of 1024 × 768 pixels, this means that there are 1024 columns x 768 rows x 3 subpixel, we will get 2,359,296 transistors

If there are problems with these transistors will cause interference pixels / dead pixels. Most active matrix screen has a few pixels on the screen interference. Picture above shows one of the dead pixel or commonly called a dead pixel.

LCD TV specifications. LCD TV specifications is very important to do before you buy, there are some important points in the specifications LCD TV, among others:

Resolution (Resolution)
Is the pixel size (the number of point of view) between the length and width / height screen. Monitor tube (CRT) typically have a size of 800 × 600, 1024 × 768 (standard size) or 1280 × 1024. Usually the ratio of 4:3. As for LCD monitors usually have two types of a similar size to the CRT, while the one with the term Wide Screen. Wide Screen LCD typically has a length x width ratio of 16:9. A common resolution that we encounter is unusual: 1280 × 768, 1360 × 768, 1440 × 900, 1680 × 1050, 1920 × 1080, 1200 and 1920 × 2560 × 1600.

Viewable size
Diagonal screen size. For example LCD 17 "(inch), which means the size of the screen diagonal (lower left corner to the upper right corner) along the 17 inch. Usual size is found for example 15 ", 16", 17 ", 18.5", 19 ", 22" and others.

Response time
When the smallest (minimum) required to change the pixel color from black to white and back to black again (black to black), and there is also a method of gray to white and then into another gray (gray to gray). Value respond this time expressed in milisecond (ms / milli seconds). The smaller the value of response time, in theory the transition image / color will be the faster and defects will display smaller. Although the value of under 10ms difference will not be seen, because of the limited ability of the human eye.

Refresh Rate
The number of images displayed every second of the monitor. Because the pixels on LCD monitors do not use the method of life and death of the frame with each other (as used in the CRT monitor), then the current LCD monitors, the refresh rate value will not affect the appearance of such. Unlike the CRT (usually has a refresh rate of 60 Hz, 75 Hz or 85 Hz), sometimes the view is often flashes (flicker).

LCD can have a refresh rate of more than 100 Hz. In comparison, our television has a refresh rate of 25 Hz (25 images / frames per second).

Viewing Angle (Viewing Direction)
Is the maximum angle value where we can still see the display properly. For example Viewing angle of 160 degrees, so when we look at the screen from the point of maximum or less or 160 degrees, the display still looks good. If more than that, it was not clear view again, sometimes some look quite black. If CRT monitor usually has a higher angle, almost of 180 degrees we can see clearly without any changes.

Contrast Ratio
Is the ratio (the ratio) the intensity of the brightness / white (brightest) and the dark / black color (dark). In general, the higher the value of contrast ratio, the better. But sometimes a single product with others using different methods, so that's not easy to compare. Contrast ratio value of all kinds, for example: 20000:1, 10000:1, 5000:1, 2000:1, 700:1 and others.

Aspect Ratio
Comparison between the length and width / height screen. For example 4:3, 5:4, 16:9 or 16:10. Wide Screen LCD will have a ratio of 16:9 or 16:10. As for the common CRT monitors have a 4:3 ratio.

Input Port
Type / type of cable connection is used, such as DVI, VGA, S-Video, HDMI and more. To CRT Monitors usually use the VGA port. When buying VGA (graphics cards) that only has a DVI port, usually also included an additional connection or a VGA to DVI DVI to VGA in order to remain compatible with existing ports.

Additional
Monitor size sometimes can not serve as a reference in determining the resolution. Size 17 "may have the same maximum resolution with monitor size of 16", for example, both have a resolution of 1360 × 768. Can also monitor or 17 "has a lower value.

Excess LCD monitor
1. Character bright eyes comfortable and free of distortion
LCD monitors tend to be light but pleasant in the eyes. Such character LCD, makes the eyes tired and not comfortable for hours in front of the monitor. Unlike CRT sometimes over bright. LCD monitors are relatively free of distortion and flicker. LCD monitors also have a pretty good contrast. Better image focus and moiré-free.
2. Does not depend on refreshrate
Unlike CRT should use a high refreshrate eyes for comfort, the LCD does not require a Cleaner refreshrate to make eyes comfortable. It's rare that LCD offers a high refreshrate CRT. Some say refreshrate 60Hz at approximately the same LCD at 100Hz CRT.
3. User frendly
On CRT monitors, sometimes we have to adjust the geometry, the size of the vertical, horizontal, etc. to fit the look on display. On the LCD monitor is set on auto option only, must fit on the screen.
4. Low power
Low power is a superior LCD monitor. At the same diagonal size, the consumption of the LCD monitor is only half the power consumption than CRT monitors. LCD monitor compatible with green computing trend to reduce energy use and heat released. Even so, some users still do not feel the energy efficiency of LCD monitors than CRT, except for use in large quantities.
5. The compact size, lighter and cooler


Lack of LCD monitors
1. Limited viewing angle, color depth and gradation of colors is limited less
Each LCD monitor has a viewing angle or viewpoint different. But the viewing angle is not as flexible CRT monitors. CRT monitors can be viewed from different angles and sides, not the LCD monitor. Color depth is also limited to LCD monitors, LCD can only display 16.2 million colors RGB. The difference is the color depth is felt when used for playing games or watching high resolution video. In addition, the gradation of color on the LCD monitor is less good, although in everyday use is not felt but less suitable for graphic design and editing photos / video.
2. Display pictures good only in its native resolution
LCD monitor has a native resolution or the term innate resolution to display a good image. If the resolution is set above native, the image will appear broken. If the resolution is set below native, then the resulting image tends to blur and not sharp. This does not happen on CRT monitors.
3. Response time and Ghosting
On the LCD monitor, there is the term response time or response time monitor. The slow response time Ghosting effect is due to late respond monitor image display, so the picture looks a moving shadow. The smaller the value of response time, the better and faster respond. Ghosting effects can still be seen on the LCD monitor with 2 ms response time though. This was seen when used to play games that have a high ability.
4. Color is less accurate
designer or photo editor tend to choose LCD over CRT monitors. Because the color LCD monitor that displayed different from the original sometimes. To be more accurate, should be the color calibration colorimeter with such devices that cost is not cheap. However, in general this does not seem to use everyday.
5. The price is more expensive, extra care needs to be careful and dead pixels

READ MORE - LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a media type display that uses liquid crystals as the primary viewer

READ MORE - LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a media type display that uses liquid crystals as the primary viewer

Monitor is a device for displaying images from the VGA outputand types of monitors, including CRT and LCD monitors

Monitor is a device for displaying images from the VGA output. There are several types of monitors, including CRT and LCD monitors. CRT monitors are still using the tube as a current converter to display. While the LCD monitor technology has been adopted as the mercury display cells. CRT monitors are the excess power to touch the screen was much stronger than the LCD. While LCD design offers the advantages of a more simple and portable, slim and flat.

CRT Monitor Pros
1. More accurate colors and sharper
CRT monitors have accurate color or nearly the same as the original. Karna is for this reason designers and photo editors prefer to use the CRT than LCD. In addition, the gradation of color on a CRT is still better than LCD. Pros about the accuracy and gradation of color on CRT monitors can be seen when used to create color-rich designs or play games with high resolution.
2. Flexible screen resolution
CRT monitors can use a variety of resolutions without decreasing image quality. So for gamers barely better using the CRT as the game resolution may be reduced without sacrificing the quality of the display.
3. Maintenance is easy, if damaged can be in service
CRT treatment was much easier than the LCD, LCD be extra careful. In addition, if the damaged CRT monitors can still be serviced, while certainly damaged LCD into the trash. In addition, CRT monitors are more resilient if bumped or touched on display fingers.
4. Free dead pixel, Ghosting and viewing angle
CRT monitors are not composed of the pixels as the LCD, so that obviously will not have dead pixels. CRT monitors can luck from various sides, unlike LCD which depends on the viewing angle specifications. CRT monitors do not know response time, so relatively free Ghosting effect.
5. Cheaper
The advantages in terms of price that makes CRT monitors are still popular. At the same inch size, you can bet the price is more expensive than CRT monitor.

Lack of CRT monitors
1. Electricity consumption
CRT monitor power consumption compared 2X-inch LCD at the same size. 15-inch CRT monitors consume between 60-70 watts of power while the size 15-inch LCD consumes only 35 watts maximum power. The bigger the monitor diagonal size, the greater the power consumption. 17-inch CRT monitor real flat until 100watt power consuming!
2. Depending on refreshrate
In order not tired eyes using CRT monitors, use refreshrate above 70hz. Monitor sie stuck in my 1024 × 768 @ 70hz, enough to make tired eyes if the monitor in front of more than 4 hours. High-end CRT monitors are able to offer refreshrate to 120Hz or more. The higher the better course. This is not true for LCD monitors.
3. Greater radiation
Undeniably, CRT monitors emit radiation greater than the LCD monitor. This radiation has a negative impact on the eye so that the eyes tire quickly, or even create a headache for the sensitive.
4. Vulnerable to distortion, glare and flicker
This is a classic problem for CRT monitors. Distortion effects will be seen when we draw a circle by using coreldraw or other software. Refreshrate too low, causing the monitor to flicker (flicker) and glare (brightness over).
5. Large dimensions and weight
CRT monitors have a large size and heavy, so not suitable for small spaces, because a lot of eating places. Quite often if the monitor for portable hard enough. This bring 19-inch CRT monitor to the 2nd floor using the stairs, quite heavy and tiring is not it?

Advantages and disadvantages of CRT monitors? I was still using CRT monitors, maybe if there is a fortune to replace the LCD is excess and lack of LCD? Following review

You need to know, that in the fly-back there; coil (copper wire coils), Capasitor non-electrolytes, resistors and 2 / 3 fruit trimpot (depending on the size of the CRT). If you look back to the basic functions of the fly-back fly-back who still can issue a high voltage is expressed still functioning.
It's just that there are additional components in the fly-back utilizing high voltage trimpot in the function of the screen and focus, poorly functioning is usually because the trimpot resistance value of which has changed due to a temperature hot enough in the monitor's components.

Trimpot screen not functioning optimally, and focuses on the display indicates you have to replace the fly-back, the experience I have not experienced it very easy to find fly-back the same type and brand, so the solution I get is; take fly-back from the dead type monitor each other (cannibalism), or fly-back ordering the same type but with a fairly expensive price (if any on the market), and the next solution is to transplant FLY-BACK, fly-back transplants planted two fruit means the flyback a monitor.

How to monitor service
First Step Demolition Monitor

Before unpacking the monitor, do not forget to prepare the equipment. This is to avoid the coercion / rape in dismantling the monitor. Prepare also footwear made of rubber so as not affected by static electricity. The first step in dismantling the monitor is to open the monitor casing. Do not be forced because of multiple monitors though somewhat difficult to open the bolt-bolt have removed all. There are several monitors that use the socket to tighten the casing.

Tools and materials required of them; solder, tin sufficiently, a single cable (NYAF) + / - 60 cm, pointed pliers, cutter, flyback isolation and transplantation.

Then open the back cover of the monitor to see the machine with the monitor positioned upside down. It is useful to monitor and clean the innards from dust and cobwebs, to direct attention not to touch the header that led to the flyback CRT tube because it is still storing electrical charge, to remove the electric charge to do a short circuit (short circuit) to Ground through an intermediary cable (how can you see in the first article).

Header off the fly-back "of the CRT tubes are then loose wires (usually red) from the headers, we will essentially put two wires (red color - the fruit fly, 2 back) into a single header. For the preparation of the fly-back graft, short if all flyback feet with wire and soldered wire and provide liaison to the Ground will be connected to the monitor.

Because we will enter into 2 pieces in a single cable then do diminution header cable insulation diameter of fly-back with cut little by little with the cutter (up to the first layer), this was done so that they will be 2 pieces cable can enter into a header.

Tools that you can use for this step is to use a sharp pliers, cutting pliers, cutter and soldering. Use your creativity and initiative in practicing the above steps, because there is no standard way for this case, so

You can get result of a merger Isolation cable 2 pieces to be included in a header for security, given the confluence of the voltage will be high enough.

Next, connect the cable connecting from the legs to ground flyback previously been prepared using solder. Position the additional flyback (graft) in innards safely monitor and if necessary reinforced with wire ties.

Remove 2 pieces cable that ran from flyback (original) to Block RGB (usually called "Screen" and "Focus"), then replaced with fly-back of the transplant. Location of the difference is 2 cable (screen and focus) is on the cable diameter, where one of them more likely to show the difference.

You can isolate the cable screen and the focus of fly-back (the original) which has been removed from Block RGB, because it has not functioned.

Review the steps above before trying to ON the monitor, because the author is not responsible for fatal accidents caused by your negligence in the practice, including:
1. Are the 2 cables into the header of 2 fly-back is correct? , Ensure solid connections and if necessary isolated, and insert the correct headers to the CRT tube.
2. Make sure all the legs of graft in the short flyback's (short circuit) is then connected to the Grounding dg monitor cable.
3. Replacement cable pd screen and focus of the flyback Block RGB (original) with the flyback's make sure not confuse transplant, then the cable insulation screen and focus of flyback (the original) which had not functioned for security.
4. Make sure the status / position in the flyback transplant safe position and strategic (to reach).

Finally, ON following a CPU monitor, adjust brightness and focus the image through a potentiometer on the flyback transplant results

Grounding Process
After the casing is open, do the grounding. Way, connect the screwdriver into the cable. Attach the other end of the cable to ground (zinc). Stick the end of the cable attached to the playback head screwdriver.

Careful!
Although already dead, play back still has a high voltage. Some Capasitor the monitor is also possible to still have the tension that can make you electrocuted.

Damage Tracking
Techniques used in tracking is the technique of localization of damage or focus on a series of blocks or parts of the possible damage. If the power source is connected really well, but the monitor is not displaying anything when switched on. With the help of a set of system units and certain video card works fine what symptoms occur when power ON / OFF switched on. From these results we can analyze what parts of the problem

Looking for Damage In Block Power Regulator
Symptoms: The indicator light off, the screen dark.

Tracking Damage in Horizontal Arrangement
Symptoms: The indicator light of life but a dark screen
In general, the horizontal circuit functions to generate high voltage. The circuit is composed of horizontal horizontal oscillator, horizontal drivers, and reinforcing horizontal. Oscillator not generate signals or voltages horizontal and vertical deflections needed to set the scanning lines on the CRT screen evenly across the surface. Horizontal deflection signals regulate movement of the electron beam path to the left to right / horizontal scanning direction, while the vertical deflection signals regulate the way from top to bottom.

Horizontal oscillator signal is amplified by the driver before entering the horizontal horizontal amplifier. The duties and functions of the horizontal amplifier is to produce a voltage with a certain shape and amplitude that will be distributed to the horizontal deflection. In addition, will also produce high voltage for the tube. In the series of horizontal, high-voltage power circuit serves to raise the voltage between 10 kV - 50 kV. Prior to this high voltage into the anode, leveled CRT / rectified first through a high voltage diode (diode HVREC). That must be remembered in the horizontal improvements we must use the CPU.

Block and Flowchart

RGB Arrangement

In general, the circuit functions to adjust the RGB signals as well as strengthen the color difference video signals. RGB series is a very important role in regulating the colors on the CRT screen. This circuit produces three primary colors is called the primary colors R = Red, G = Green, B = Blue. While the colors are produced after mixing the primary colors is called a secondary color or mixed colors.

Pin Conector

Damage to the connector can also be fatal, including a basic color, for example, only blue, red or green color certainly not normal. Can also result in no display on the monitor screen. So to overcome our stay open is socket and see if there are broken wires (this only applies to the monitor that has a connector that can dismantle pairs), and to monitor the connector can not be dismantled pairs then we live to buy the data cable and reinstall it according to its structure .

READ MORE - Monitor is a device for displaying images from the VGA outputand types of monitors, including CRT and LCD monitors

READ MORE - Monitor is a device for displaying images from the VGA outputand types of monitors, including CRT and LCD monitors

Power Supply Unit (PSU) is a device or system that functions to channel the energy form of electricity or any type of load or load group

Power supply is a device or system that functions to channel the energy form of electricity or any type of load or load group. Power supply is often used to distribute electrical energy, and some are used in electrical machines.

Power Supply Unit (PSU) serves to change the electrical voltage (AC 220/230/240 V, 110/120 V) to be used by the computer (DC 3.3 V, 5 V, 12 V). The amount of electricity that can be handled is determined by the power supply and charging unit is calculated by Watt.

Power supply can be used as a substitute source of power either as primary or backup source, such as:
1. Change the form of electricity from the source to form the desired voltage. Usually used to change the source of AC or 120 to 240 volts DC voltage is lower for use in electronic equipment.
2. Replacement battery.
3. Generator or alternator.

DC power supply has a primary circuit called the Rectifier (rectifier), which serves to change the AC signal into DC, there are 4 types of rectifier is used include:
1. Half-wave rectifier uncontrolled (Half Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier)


In this type rectifier sine wave at the source is passed only half of it is at the anode diode received positive signals, but if the signal received by the negative anode diode off. This is because the diode will be active only if the anode is more positive than the cathode. Can be seen on the output of these diodes, from 0 - π is a positive signal that has been passed by the diode, while the π - 2π signals at 0

Full-wave rectifier uncontrolled (Full Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier) In this type of wave rectifier output is more perfect, but of course there are still ripples (ripple). Working principle of this circuit is the first positive half cycle of diode 1 (D1) will akif and pass the signal, while diode 2 (D2) will be active at the time of the second half of the signal, so that the diode works in turn. At half-wave 4b images of π 0-D1 is passed by the D2 while working at the time of π-2π

Half-wave controlled rectifier (Half Wave Rectifier controlled). This type of rectifier thyristor (SCR) as a rectifier components. In this rectifier voltage average and its rms can be regulated by how to set the value of α / point of ignition SCR. SCR working principle is like a diode will pass current when the anode is more positive than the cathode, but it applies if the SCR gate to get enough current to mentriger of α.

Power Supply is a device that is in the CPU that serves to channel the flow of electricity to various computer equipment.

This device has a connector 5 or more, which can be connected control every aspect of equipment such as:
• Motherboard
• Harddisk
• Floppy Disk Drive
• CD - ROM

Power supply bad quality can result in a DC voltage that is not flat and a lot of ripple. If used within a period long enough to cause damage to computer components, such as Hard Disk.

An important component in the power supply is the cooling (cooling). Equipped with a minimum of a fan.

20 pin ATX connector
ATX 20 pin connectors that insert into an ATX motherboard. If your motherboard has a slot for the 20 pin connector needed for the motherboard.

24 pin ATX connector
Some motherboard requires ATX 24 pin connector. Power on the power supply 430W and 500W, both with 20 and 24 pin connector.

Molex Connector
This is the IDE connector that supplies power to the hard drive and cdroms.

Floppy connector
The 4 pin floppy connector supplies power to the floppy drive on your computer.

Aux Connector
Look on the motherboard and see if there are slots that accept 6-pin Aux connector. If no slot for it then chances are you'll need it.

SATA Connector
Hard drives and other devices with sata connectors. If you have a computer device with a sata connection then you are in need of power supply with sata connectors. One of them is XPower 550 Watt Power Supply.

READ MORE - Power Supply Unit (PSU) is a device or system that functions to channel the energy form of electricity or any type of load or load group

READ MORE - Power Supply Unit (PSU) is a device or system that functions to channel the energy form of electricity or any type of load or load group